ISIMIP3b simulation round simulation protocol - Biomes
Introduction
General concept
The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) provides a framework for the collation of a consistent set of climate impact data across sectors and scales. It also provides a unique opportunity for considering interactions between climate change impacts across sectors through consistent scenarios.
ISIMIP is intended to be structured in successive rounds connected to the different phases of the climate model intercomparison CMIP (ISIMIP Mission & Implementation document).
The main components of the ISIMIP framework are:
- A common set of climate and other forcing data which will be distributed via a central database;
- A common modelling protocol to ensure consistency across sectors and scales in terms of data, format and scenario set-up;
- A central archive where the output data will be collected and made available to the scientific community.
ISIMIP3b
GCM-based simulations assuming fixed 2015 direct human influences for the future
The ISIMIP3b part of the third simulation round is dedicated to a quantification of climate-related risks at different levels of climate change and socio-economic conditions. The group 1 simulations refer to the pre-industrial and historical period of the CMIP6-based climate simulations. Group 2 covers all future projections assuming fixed 2015 levels of socio-economic forcing and different future projections of climate (SSP126, SSP37 and SSP585). Group3 simulations account for future changes in socio-economic drivers and are intended to be started in summer 2021.
You can find the ISIMIP3a protocol, which is is dedicated to impact model evaluation and improvement and detection and attribution of observed impacts, here.
Simulation protocol
In this protocol we describe the scenarios & experiments in ISIMIP3b simulation round, the different input datasets, the output variables, and how to report model results specifically for Biomes. An overview of all sectors can be found at protocol.isimip.org.
Throughout the protocol we use specifiers that denote a particular scenario, experiment, variable or other parameter. We use these specifiers in the tables below, in the filenames of the input data sets, and ask you to use the same specifiers in your output files. More on reporting data can be found at the end of this document.
Model versioning
To ensure consistency between ISIMIP3a and ISIMIP3b as well as the different experiments within a simulation round, we require that modelling groups use the same version of an impact model for the experiments in ISIMIP3a and ISIMIP3b. If you cannot fulfill this, please indicate that by using a suffix for your model name (e.g. simple version numbering: MODEL-v1, MODEL-v2 or following semantic versioning: MODEL-2.0.0, see also reporting model results).
This versioning does not only apply to changes in the computational logic of the model, but also to input parameters, calibration or setup. If model versions are not reported, we will name them according to the simulation round (e.g. MODEL-isimip3a). We require the strict versioning to ensure that differences between model results are fully attributable to the changes in model forcings.
Scenarios & Experiments
Scenario definitions
| Scenario specifier | Description |
|---|---|
| picontrol | Pre-industrial climate as simulated by the GCMs. |
| historical | Historical climate as simulated by the GCMs. |
| ssp126 | SSP1-RCP2.6 climate as simulated by the GCMs. |
| ssp370 | SSP3-RCP7 climate as simulated by the GCMs. |
| ssp585 | SSP5-RCP8.5 climate as simulated by the GCMs. |
| Scenario specifier | Description |
|---|---|
| 1850soc |
Fixed year-1850 direct human influences (e.g. land use, nitrogen deposition and fertilizer input, fishing effort). Please label your simulations |
| histsoc |
Varying direct human influences in the historical period (1850-2014) (e.g. observed changes in historical land use, nitrogen deposition and fertilizer input, fishing effort). Please label your model run |
| 2015soc |
Fixed year-2015 direct human influences (e.g. land use, nitrogen deposition and fertilizer input, fishing effort). Please label your simulations |
| nat |
No direct human influences (naturalized run). Please only label your model run |
| Scenario specifier | Description |
|---|---|
| default | For all experiments other than the sensitivity experiments. |
General note regarding sensitivity experiments
The sensitivity experiments are meant to be "artificial" deviations from the default settings. So for example if your model does not at all account for changes in CO₂ concentrations (no option to switch it on or off) the run should be labeled as default in the sensitivity specifier of the file name even if the run would be identical to the 1850co2 sensitivity setting.
The particular sensitivity scenario for an experiment is given in the experiments table below. For most experiments no sensitivity scenario is given, so the default label applies.
Experiments
| Experiment | Short description |
Pre-industrial 1601-1849 |
Historical 1850-2014 |
Future 2015-2100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pre-industrial controlhistsoc 1st priority |
CF: no climate change, pre-industrial CO₂ fixed at 1850 levels |
picontrol |
picontrol |
picontrol |
| DHF: varying management before 2015, then fixed at 2015 levels thereafter |
1850soc |
histsoc |
2015soc |
|
pre-industrial control2015soc 1st priority |
CF: no climate change, pre-industrial CO₂ fixed at 1850 levels | does not have to be simulated as the following year already provide a large sample of years with stable climate and constant (2015soc) / no (nat) DHF for period |
picontrol |
picontrol |
| DHF: fixed at 2015 levels for all periods |
2015soc |
2015soc |
||
pre-industrial controlnat 2nd priority |
CF: no climate change, pre-industrial CO₂ fixed at 1850 levels | does not have to be simulated as the following year already provide a large sample of years with stable climate and constant (2015soc) / no (nat) DHF for period |
picontrol |
picontrol |
| DHF: No direct human influences |
nat |
nat |
||
RCP2.6histsoc 1st priority |
CF: Simulated historical climate and CO₂ in historical period, then SSP1-RCP2.6 climate & CO₂ | "histsoc" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment |
historical |
ssp126 |
| DHF: varying management before 2015, then fixed at 2015 levels thereafter |
histsoc |
2015soc |
||
RCP2.62015soc 1st priority |
CF: Simulated historical climate and CO₂ in historical period, then SSP1-RCP2.6 climate & CO₂ | "2015soc" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment |
historical |
ssp126 |
| DHF: fixed at 2015 levels for all periods |
2015soc |
2015soc |
||
RCP2.6nat 2nd priority |
CF: Simulated historical climate and CO₂ in historical period, then SSP1-RCP2.6 climate & CO₂ | "nat" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment |
historical |
ssp126 |
| DHF: No direct human influences |
nat |
nat |
||
CO₂ sensitivity RCP2.6histsoc 2nd priority |
CF: RCP2.6 climate, CO2 after 2015 fixed at 2015 levels | "histsoc" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment | "histsoc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment, as described above |
ssp126 Sensitivity scenario: 2015co2 |
| DHF: varying management before 2015, then fixed at 2015 levels thereafter |
2015soc |
|||
RCP7histsoc 1st priority |
CF: SSP3-RCP7 climate & CO₂ | "histsoc" version of pre-industrial of pre-industrial control experiment runs | "histsoc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp370 |
| DHF: varying management before 2015, then fixed at 2015 levels thereafter |
2015soc |
|||
RCP72015soc 1st priority |
CF: SSP3-RCP7 climate & CO₂ | "2015soc" version of pre-industrial of pre-industrial control experiment runs | "2015soc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp370 |
| DHF: fixed at 2015 levels for all periods |
2015soc |
|||
RCP7nat 2nd priority |
CF: SSP3-RCP7 climate & CO₂ | "nat" version of pre-industrial of pre-industrial control experiment runs | "nat" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp370 |
| DHF: No direct human influences |
nat |
|||
RCP8.5histsoc 1st priority |
CF: SSP5-RCP8.5 climate & CO₂ | "histsoc" version of pre-industrial of pre-industrial control experiment runs | "histsoc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp585 |
| DHF: varying management before 2015, then fixed at 2015 levels thereafter |
2015soc |
|||
RCP8.52015soc 1st priority |
CF: SSP5-RCP8.5 climate & CO₂ | "2015soc" version of pre-industrial of pre-industrial control experiment runs | "2015soc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp585 |
| DHF: fixed at 2015 levels for all periods |
2015soc |
|||
RCP8.5nat 2nd priority |
CF: SSP5-RCP8.5 climate & CO₂ | "nat" version of pre-industrial of pre-industrial control experiment runs | "nat" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp585 |
| DHF: No direct human influences |
nat |
|||
CO₂ sensitivity RCP8.5histsoc 1st priority |
CF: Historical climate and CO₂ forcing up to 2015, fixed 2015 CO₂ afterwards | "histsoc" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment | "histsoc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp585 Sensitivity scenario: 2015co2 |
| DHF: varying management before 2015, then fixed at 2015 levels thereafter |
2015soc |
|||
CO₂ sensitivity RCP8.52015soc 1st priority |
CF: Historical climate and CO₂ forcing up to 2015, fixed 2015 CO₂ afterwards | "2015soc" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment | "2015soc" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp585 Sensitivity scenario: 2015co2 |
| DHF: fixed direct human forcing at 2015 levels for the entire simulation period |
2015soc |
|||
CO₂ sensitivity RCP8.5nat 1st priority |
CF: Historical climate and CO₂ forcing up to 2015, fixed 2015 CO₂ afterwards | "nat" version of the pre-industrial period of the pre-industrial control experiment | "nat" version of the historical period of the RCP2.6 experiment |
ssp585 Sensitivity scenario: 2015co2 |
| DHF: No direct human influences |
nat |
Note regarding models requiring spin-up
For models requiring spin-up, please use the pre-industrial control data and CO₂ concentration and DHF fixed at 1850 levels for the spin up as long as needed. Please note that the "pre-industrial control run" from 1601-1849 is part of the regular experiments that should be reported and hence the spin-up has to be finished before that.
Input data
The base directory for input data at DKRZ is:
/work/bb0820/ISIMIP/ISIMIP3b/InputData/
Further information on accessing ISIMIP data can be found at ISIMIP - getting started.
Some of the datasets are tagged as mandatory. This does not mean that the data must be used in all cases, but if your models uses input data of this kind, we require to use the specified dataset. If an alterntive data set is used instead, we cannot consider it an ISIMIP simulation. If the mandatory label is not given, you may use alternative data (please document this clearly).
Climate forcing
| Title | Specifier | Institution | Original resolution | Ensemble member |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GFDL-ESM4 | gfdl-esm4 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA | 288x180 | r1i1p1f1 |
| UKESM1-0-LL | ukesm1-0-ll | Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, UK | 192x144 | r1i1p1f2 |
| MPI-ESM1-2-HR | mpi-esm1-2-hr | Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany | 384x192 | r1i1p1f1 |
| IPSL-CM6A-LR | ipsl-cm6a-lr | Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris 75252, France | 144x143 | r1i1p1f1 |
| MRI-ESM2-0 | mri-esm2-0 | Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan | 320x160 | r1i1p1f1 |
| Variable | Variable specifier | Unit | Resolution | Models | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric variables mandatory | ||||||
| Near-Surface Relative Humidity | hurs | % |
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| Near-Surface Specific Humidity | huss | kg kg-1 |
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| Precipitation | pr | kg m-2 s-1 |
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| Snowfall Flux | prsn | kg m-2 s-1 |
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| Surface Air Pressure | ps | Pa |
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| Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation | rlds | W m-2 |
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| Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation | rsds | W m-2 |
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| Near-Surface Wind Speed | sfcwind | m s-1 |
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| Near-Surface Air Temperature | tas | K |
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| Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air Temperature | tasmax | K |
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| Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air Temperature | tasmin | K |
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| Ocean variables mandatory | ||||||
| Mass Concentration of Total Phytoplankton Expressed as Chlorophyll | chl | kg m-3 |
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| Downward Flux of Particulate Organic Carbon | expc | mol m-2 s-1 |
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| Particulate Organic Carbon Content | intpoc | kg m-2 |
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| Primary Organic Carbon Production by All Types of Phytoplankton | intpp | mol m-2 s-1 |
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| Net Primary Organic Carbon Production by Diatoms | intppdiat | mol m-2 s-1 |
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| Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Diazotrophs | intppdiaz | mol m-2 s-1 |
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| Net Primary Mole Productivity of Carbon by Picophytoplankton | intpppico | mol m-2 s-1 |
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| Net Primary Organic Carbon Production by Other Phytoplankton | intppmisc | mol m-2 s-1 |
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| Maximum Ocean Mixed Layer Thickness Defined by Sigma T | mlotstmax | m |
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| Dissolved Oxygen Concentration | o2-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| pH | ph-<vert> | 1 |
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| Phytoplankton Carbon Concentration | phyc-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Mole Concentration of Diatoms expressed as Carbon in sea water | phydiat-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Mole Concentration of Diazotrophs Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water | phydiaz-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Mole Concentration of Picophytoplankton Expressed as Carbon in Sea Water | phypico-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Mole Concentration of Miscellaneous Phytoplankton expressed as Carbon in sea water | phymisc-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Primary Carbon Production by Total Phytoplankton | pp | mol m-3 s-1 |
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| Sea Water Salinity | so-<vert> | 0.001 |
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| Net Downward Shortwave Radiation at Sea Water Surface | rsntds | W m-2 |
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| Sea Ice Area Fraction | siconc | % |
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| Sea Water Potential Temperature | thetao-<vert> | °C |
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| Ocean Model Cell Thickness | thkcello | m |
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| Sea Water Potential Temperature at Sea Floor | tob | °C |
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| Sea Surface Temperature | tos | °C |
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| Sea Water X Velocity | uo | m s-1 |
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| Sea Water Y Velocity | vo | m s-1 |
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| Sea Water Z Velocity | wo | m s-1 |
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| Mole Concentration of Mesozooplankton expressed as Carbon in sea water | zmeso-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Mole Concentration of Microzooplankton expressed as Carbon in sea water | zmicro-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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| Zooplankton Carbon Concentration | zooc-<vert> | mol m-3 |
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The climate forcing input files can be found using the following pattern:
# atmospheric variables
climate/atmosphere/bias-adjusted/global/daily/<climate-scenario>/<climate-forcing>/<climate-forcing>_<ensemble-member>_<bias-adjustment>_<climate-scenario>_<climate-variable>_global_daily_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
# ocean variables
climate/ocean/uncorrected/global/monthly/<climate-scenario>/<climate-forcing>/<climate-forcing>_<ensemble-member>_<climate-scenario>_<climate-variable>_<resolution>_global_daily_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
The ocean variables are not yet available.
Greenhouse gas forcing
| Variable | Variable specifier | Unit | Resolution | Datasets | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atmospheric composition mandatory | ||||||
|
Atmospheric CO2 concentration |
composition_atmosphere/co2/co2_<cmip6-experiment>_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.txt
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| co2 | ppm |
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Meinshausen, Raper, & Wigley (2011) for 1850-2005 and 2016-2100 and Dlugokencky & Tans (2019) from 2006-2015 |
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Socioeconomic forcing
| Dataset | Included variables (specifier) | Covered time period | Resolution | Reference/Source and Comments | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land use mandatory | ||||||
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Landuse totals |
socioeconomic/landuse/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_landuse-totals_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Based on the HYDE 3.2 data set (Klein Goldewijk, 2016), but harmonized by Hurtt et al. (LUH2 v2h data set, see Hurtt, Chini, Sahajpal, Frolking, & et al, in review, see also https://luh.umd.edu). |
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Downscaling to 5 crops |
socioeconomic/landuse/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_landuse-5crops_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Based on the HYDE 3.2 data set (Klein Goldewijk, 2016), but harmonized by Hurtt et al. (LUH2 v2h data set, see Hurtt, Chini, Sahajpal, Frolking, & et al., in review, see also https://luh.umd.edu). |
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Downscaling to 15 crops |
socioeconomic/landuse/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_landuse-15crops_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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The C4 perennial crops are not further downscaled from the "5 crops" data set and currently only include sugarcane. Similarly, the C3 perennial crops are not downscaled either. The data is derived from the "5 crops" LUH2 data, and the crops have been downscaled to 15 crops according to the ratios given by the Monfreda data set (Monfreda, Ramankutty, & Foley, 2008). |
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Managed pastures and rangeland |
socioeconomic/landuse/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_landuse-pastures_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Based on the HYDE 3.2 data set (Klein Goldewijk, 2016), but harmonized by Hurtt et al. (LUH2 v2h data set, see Hurtt, Chini, Sahajpal, Frolking, & et al, in review., see also https://luh.umd.edu). |
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Urban areas |
socioeconomic/landuse/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_landuse-urbanareas_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Based on the HYDE 3.2 data set (Klein Goldewijk, 2016), but harmonized by Hurtt et al. (LUH2 v2h data set, see Hurtt, Chini, Sahajpal, Frolking, & et al., in review, see also https://luh.umd.edu). |
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| N-fertilizer mandatory | ||||||
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Nitrogen deposited by fertilizers on croplands |
socioeconomic/n-fertilizer/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_n-fertilizer-5crops_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Based on the LUH2 v2h data set (see Hurtt, Chini, Sahajpal, Frolking, & et al., in in review, see also https://luh.umd.edu). |
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| N-deposition | ||||||
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Reduced nitrogen deposition |
socioeconomic/n-deposition/<soc_scenario>/ndep-nhx_<soc_scenario>_monthly_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Simulated by NCAR Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) during 1850-2014. Nitrogen deposition data was interpolated to 0.5° by 0.5° by the nearest grid. Data in 2015 and 2016 is assumed to be same as that in 2014 (Tian et al. 2018) |
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Oxidized nitrogen deposition |
socioeconomic/n-deposition/<soc_scenario>/ndep-noy_<soc_scenario>_monthly_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Simulated by NCAR Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) during 1850-2014. Nitrogen deposition data was interpolated to 0.5° by 0.5° by the nearest grid. Data in 2015 and 2016 is assumed to be same as that in 2014 (Tian et al. 2018) |
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| Reservoirs & dams | ||||||
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Reservoirs & dams |
socioeconomic/reservoir_dams/reservoirs-dams_1850_2014.xls
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Lehner et al. (2011a, https://doi.org/10.7927/H4N877QK), Lehner et al. (2011b, https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/100125), and Jida Wang et al. (KSU/Kansas State University, personal communication). Because the data from KSU is yet unpublished, modeling teams using it are asked to offer co-authorship to the team at KSU on any resulting publications. Please contact info@isimip.org in case of questions. |
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| Water abstraction | ||||||
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Water abstraction for domestic and industrial purposes |
socioeconomic/water_abstraction/[domw|indw][w|c]_<soc_scenario>_annual_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
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For modelling groups that do not have their own representation, we provide files containing the multi-model mean of domestic and industrial water withdrawal and consumption generated by WaterGAP, PCR-GLOBWB, and H08. This data is based ISIMIP2a varsoc simulations for 1901-2005, and on RCP6.0 simulations from the Water Futures and Solutions project (Wada et al., 2016, http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/9/175/2016/) for after 2005. Years before 1901 have been filled with the value for year 1901. |
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| Forest management | ||||||
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Wood harvesting |
socioeconomic/wood_harvesting/<variable>_<soc_scenario>_national_annual_<start_year>_<end_year>.nc
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Historic annual country-level wood harvesting data. Based on the LUH2 v2h Harmonization Data Set (see Hurtt, Chini et al. 2011; see also https://luh.umd.edu). Interpolated to a 0.5° grid using first-order conservative remapping and calculated over a fractional country mask (https://gitlab.pik-potsdam.de/isipedia/countrymasks/-/blob/master/) derived from ASAP-GAUL (https://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/jrc-10112-10004). |
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| Population mandatory | ||||||
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Population 5' grid |
socioeconomic/pop/<soc_scenario>/population_<soc_scenario>_5arcmin_annual_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
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HYDE v3.2.1 (Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017). Decadal data prior to year 2000 have been linearly interpolated in time. |
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Population 0.5° grid |
socioeconomic/pop/<soc_scenario>/population_<soc_scenario>_30arcmin_annual_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
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HYDE v3.2.1 (Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017). Decadal data prior to year 2000 have been linearly interpolated in time. Aggregated to 0.5° spatial resolution |
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Population national |
socioeconomic/pop/<soc_scenario>/population_<soc_scenario>_national_annual_<start-year>_<end-year>.csv
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HYDE v3.2.1 (based on WPP 2017 revision, following the methodology of Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017). Decadal data prior to year 1950 have been linearly interpolated in time. |
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| GDP mandatory | ||||||
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GDP |
socioeconomic/gdp/<soc_scenario>/<soc_scenario>_gdp_annual_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
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Historic country-level GDP data are an extension of the data provided by Geiger, 2018 (https://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/10/847/2018/essd-10-847-2018.html), and are derived mainly from the Maddison Project database. Gridded GDP data will be provided by c. 07/2021. |
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Geographic data and information
| Dataset | Included variables (specifier) | Resolution | Reference/Source and Comments | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land/Sea masks | ||||||
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landseamask |
geo_conditions/landseamask/landseamask.nc
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0.5° grid | This is the land-sea mask of the W5E5 dataset. Over all grid cells marked as land by this mask, all climate data that are based on W5E5 (GSWP3-W5E5 as well as climate data bias-adjusted using W5E5) are guaranteed to represent climate conditions over land. |
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landseamask_no-ant |
geo_conditions/landseamask/landseamask_no-ant.nc
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0.5° grid | Same as landseamask but without Antarctica. |
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landseamask_water-global |
geo_conditions/landseamask/landseamask_water-global.nc
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0.5° grid | This is the generic land-sea mask from ISIMIP2b that is to be used for global water simulations in ISIMIP3. It marks more grid cells as land than landseamask. Over those additional land cells, the climate data that are based on W5E5 (GSWP3-W5E5 as well as climate data bias-adjusted using W5E5) are not guaranteed to represent climate conditions over land. Instead they may represent climate conditions over sea or a mix of conditions over land and sea. |
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| Soil | ||||||
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gswp3_hwsd |
geo_conditions/soil/gswp3_hwsd.nc
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0.5° grid | One fixed pattern to be used for all simulation periods. Upscaled Soil texture map (30 arc sec. to 0.5°x0.5° grid) based on Harmonized World Soil Database v1.1 (HWSD) using the GSWP3 upscaling method A (http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sujan/research/gswp3/soil-texture-map.html) |
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| Other | ||||||
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basins |
geo_conditions/river_routing/ddm30_basins_cru_neva.[nc|asc]
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0.5° grid | DDM30 (Döll & Lehner, 2002). Documentation (pdf) is provided alongside data files. |
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flowdir |
geo_conditions/river_routing/ddm30_flowdir_cru_neva.[nc|asc]
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0.5° grid | DDM30 (Döll & Lehner, 2002). Documentation (pdf) is provided alongside data files. |
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slopes |
geo_conditions/river_routing/ddm30_slopes_cru_neva.[nc|asc]
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0.5° grid | DDM30 (Döll & Lehner, 2002). Documentation (pdf) is provided alongside data files. |
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Output data
Output variables
| Variable | Variable specifier | Unit | Dimensions | Resolution | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Pools | ||||||
| Carbon Mass in Vegetation | cveg-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass in aboveground vegetation biomass | cvegag-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass in belowground vegetation biomass | cvegbg-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass in Soil Pool | csoil-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Only if models seperates below-ground litter and soil carbon. If not, only report csoil. Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. If possible, provide soil carbon for all depth layers (i.e. 3D-field), and indicate depth in m. Otherwise, provide soil carbon integrated over entire soil depth. |
||
| Carbon Mass in Above Ground Litter Pool | clitterag-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Above ground |
||
| Carbon Mass in Below Ground Litter Pool | clitterbg-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Only if models seperates below-ground litter and soil carbon. If not, only report csoil. Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon in Products of Land Use Change | cproduct-<productclass/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Products generated during Land-use change. Removed carbon should not go into the soil but into the product pool. Please use the product classes used within your model and document them in the model documentation on the ISIMIP homepage. |
||
| Carbon Fluxes | ||||||
| Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere due to Gross Primary Production on Land | gpp-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere due to Net Primary Production on Land | npp-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass Flux out of Atmosphere due to Net Biospheric Production on Land | nbp-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
This is the net mass flux of carbon between land and atmosphere calculated as photosynthesis MINUS the sum of plant and soil respiration, carbonfluxes from fire, harvest, grazing and land use change. Positive flux is into the land. |
||
| Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Autotrophic (Plant) Respiration on Land | ra-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to Heterotrophic Respiration on Land | rh-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Root autotrophic respiration | rr-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Grid cell total and PFT information is essential. |
||
| Carbon Mass Flux into Atmosphere due to CO₂ Emission from Fire | ffire-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
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| CO2 Flux to Atmosphere from Land Use Change | fluc-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
For wood products only. Sum of CO2 fluxes to wood production and wood storage turnover emsissions from previous years |
||
| CO2 Flux to Atmosphere from Grazing | fgrazing-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
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| CO2 Flux to Atmosphere from Crop Harvesting | fcropharvest-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
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| Total Carbon Flux from Vegetation to Litter | flitter-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
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| Total Carbon Flux from Litter to Soil | flittersoil-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
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| Total Carbon Flux from Vegetation Directly to Soil | fvegsoil-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Carbon going directly into the soil pool without entering litter (e.g., root exudate) |
||
| Vegetation Cover & Structure | ||||||
| Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation | fapar-<pft/total> | % |
|
Value between 0 and 100. |
||
| Leaf Area Index | lai-<pft/total> | 1 |
|
|||
| Plant Functional Type Grid Fraction | pft-<pft/total> | % |
|
The categories may differ from model to model, depending on their PFT definitions. This may include natural PFTs, anthropogenic PFTs, bare soil, lakes, urban areas, etc. Sum of all should equal the fraction of the grid cell that is land. |
||
| Temperature of Soil | tsl | K | (time, depth, lat, lon) |
|
Temperature of each soil layer. Reported as "missing" for grid cells occupied entirely by "sea". This is the most important variable for the permafrost sector. If daily resolution not possible, please provide monthly. If depth varies over time or space, see instructions for depth layers on https://www.isimip.org/protocol/preparing-simulation-files. |
|
| Burnt Area Fraction | burntarea-<pft/total> | % |
|
Fire should be only allowed to burn natural vegetation, rangelands and managed pastures but not croplands. Area percentage of grid cell that has burned at any time of the given day/month/year (for daily/monthly/annual resolution) |
||
| Hydrological variables | ||||||
| Evapotranspiration | evap-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Sum of transpiration, evaporation, interception and sublimation. |
||
| Evaporation from Canopy (interception) | intercep-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
The canopy evaporation+sublimation (if present in model). |
||
| Water Evaporation from Soil | esoil | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Includes sublimation. |
||
| Transpiration | trans-<pft/total> | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
|||
| Runoff | qtot | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Total (surface + subsurface) runoff (qtot = qs + qsb). Please provide both daily and monthly resolution. |
||
| Surface runoff | qs | kg m-2 s-1 |
|
Water that leaves the surface layer (top soil layer) e.g. as overland flow / fast runoff. |
||
| Soil moisture for each layer | soilmoist | kg m-2 | (time, depth, lat, lon) |
|
Please provide soil moisture for all depth layers (i.e. 3D-field), and indicate depth in m. If depth varies over time or space, see instructions for depth layers on https://www.isimip.org/protocol/preparing-simulation-files. |
|
| Frozen soil moisture for each layer | soilmoistfroz | kg m-2 | (time, depth, lat, lon) |
|
Please provide soil moisture for all depth levels and indicate depth in m. |
|
| Snow depth | snd | m | (time, lat, lon) |
|
Grid cell mean depth of snowpack. This variable only for the purposes of the permafrost sector. |
|
| Snow water equivalent | swe | kg m-2 |
|
Total water mass of the snowpack (liquid or frozen) averaged over grid cell. Please also deliver for the permafrost sector. |
||
| Annual maximum thaw depth | thawdepth | m |
|
Calculated from daily thaw depths. |
||
| Optional output | ||||||
| Carbon Mass in Leaves | cleaf-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
|||
| Carbon Mass in Wood | cwood-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Including sapwood and hardwood. |
||
| Carbon Mass in Roots | croot-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Including fine and coarse roots. |
||
| Carbon Mass in Coarse Woody Debros | ccwd-<pft/total> | kg m-2 |
|
Including fine and coarse roots. |
||
| Other | ||||||
| Soil types | soil |
|
Soil types or texture classes as used by your model. Please include a description of each type or class, especially if these are different from the standard HSWD and GSWP3 soil types. Please also include a description of the parameters and values associated with these soil types (parameter values could be submitted as spatial fields where appropriate). |
|||
| Crop yields | yield-<crop>-<irrigation> | dry matter (t ha-1 per growing season) |
|
Crop-specific: Yield may be identical to above-ground biomass (biom) if the entire plant is harvested, e.g. for bioenergy production. |
||
| Nitrogen application rate | initr-<crop>-<irrigation> | kg ha-1 per growing season |
|
Total nitrogen application rate. If organic and inorganic amendments are applied, rate should be reported as effective inorganic nitrogen input (ignoring residues). |
||
| Actual planting dates | plantday-<crop>-<irrigation> | day of year |
|
Julian dates. |
||
| Anthesis dates | anthday-<crop>-<irrigation> | day of year of anthesis |
|
Together with the year of anthesis added to the list of outputs (see below) it allows for clear identification of anthesis that is also easy to follow for potential users from outside the project. |
||
| Maturity dates | matyday-<crop>-<irrigation> | day of year of maturity |
|
Together with the year of maturity added to the list of outputs (see below) it allows for clear identification of maturity that is also easy to follow for potential users from outside the project. |
||
| Above ground biomass (dry matter) | biom-<crop>-<irrigation> | t ha-1 per growing season |
|
The whole plant biomass above ground. |
||
| Soil carbon emissions | sco2-<crop>-<irrigation> | kg C ha-1 |
|
Ideally should be modeled with realistic land-use history and initial carbon pools. Subject to extra study. |
||
| Nitrous oxide emissions | sn2o-<crop>-<irrigation> | kg N2O-N ha-1 |
|
Ideally should be modeled with realistic land-use history and initial carbon pools. Subject to extra study. |
||
| Fractional Ocean Cover | oceancoverfrac | % |
|
For models that have ocean fractions not equal to zero |
||
| Surface albedo of land | landalbedo | 1 |
|
Albedo of the land surface interacting with the atmosphere. Average of pfts, snow cover, bare ground. |
||
Reporting model results
The specification on how to submit the data, as well as further information and instructions are given on the ISIMIP website at:
https://www.isimip.org/protocol/preparing-simulation-files
It is important that you comply precisely with the formatting specified there, in order to facilitate the analysis of your simulation results in the ISIMIP framework. Incorrect formatting can seriously delay the analysis. The ISIMIP Team will be glad to assist with the preparation of these files if necessary.
File names consist of a series of identifier, separated by underscores. Things to note:
- Report one variable per file
- In filenames, use lowercase letters only
- Use underscore (
_) to separate identifiers - Variable names consist of a single word without hyphens or underscores
- Use hyphens (
-) to separate strings within an identifier, e.g. in a model name - If no specific
sens-scenariois given in the experiments table, usedefault. - NetCDF file extension is
.nc
Please name the files in the Biomes sector according to the following pattern:
<model>_<climate-forcing>_<bias-adjustment>_<climate-scenario>_<soc-scenario>_<sens-scenario>_<variable>(-<pft>)_<region>_<timestep>_<start-year>_<end-year>.nc
and replace the identifiers with the specifiers given in the tables of this document. Examples would be:
lpjml_gfdl-esm4_w5e5_picontrol_histsoc_default_qtot_global_annual_2001_2010.nc
lpjml_ukesm1-0-ll_w5e5_ssp585_2015soc_2015co2_yield-mai-noirr_global_annual_2006_2010.nc
The following regular expression can be used to validate and parse the file name for the biomes sector:
(?P<model>[a-z0-9-+.]+)_(?P<climate_forcing>[a-z0-9-]+)_(?P<bias_adjustment>[a-z0-9-]+)_(?P<climate_scenario>[a-z0-9-]+)_(?P<soc_scenario>[a-z0-9-]+)_(?P<sens_scenario>[a-z0-9-]+)_(?P<variable>[a-z0-9]+)(-(?P<pft>[a-z0-9]+))?_(?P<region>(global))_(?P<timestep>[a-z0-9-]+)_(?P<start_year>\d{4})_(?P<end_year>\d{4}).nc
For questions or clarifications, please contact info@isimip.org or the data managers directly (isimip-data@pik‐potsdam.de) before submitting files.
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